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Facies architecture and spatio-temporal depositional variability in the Pliocene Sandhan fluvial system, Kutch Basin, India

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The glaciation-induced base-level fall and basin physiography straightforward controls fluvial style in any coastal setting. An alternate climatic influence including warm and cold (glacial) conditions may result in marine onlap with interception by unconformity formation and fluvial incursion in a coastal stratigraphic record. Unconformably overlying the marine sediments, the fluvial sandstone in the upper part of Pliocene Sandhan Formation is studied herein for documentation of architectural element and variability in the fluvial sedimentation motif, if any, in space-time framework. The identified architectural elements include channel (CH), gravel bar and bedforms (GB), sandy bedforms (SB), downstream accretion (DA), sediment gravity flow (SG), compound bar (CB) overbank fines (OF) and paleosol (P). From dominance of coarse-grained, granular pebbly sandstone with SB, GB, SG and DA elements, and incidence of 6–12 m thick fining-upward cycles, it is inferred that the Sandhan fluvial system was of Donjek-type braided in character. Only at the Nagmati River section in the south-east, a change in fluvial character is recorded as Platte-type. A role of basin physiography involving median-high across the depositional profile is identified from (i) decrease in thickness of fluvial deposit from north-west to south-southeast, and (ii) reduction in topographic-gradient in the south-southeast. Considering the Pliocene time frame, the fluvial incursion onto the marine system within Sandhan depositional history is identified as a result of base-level fall under influence of global glaciation.

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Acknowledgements

PK acknowledges the scientific project and financial support from the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Grant letter DST No: SR/FTP/ES-102/2014 to carry out this research work. The infrastructure facility extended by the Department of Geology, University of Delhi, is thankfully acknowledged.

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  1. Department of Geology, Center for Advanced Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India

    Pramod Kumar, Shubhendu Shekhar, Avinash Shukla & Partha Pratim Chakraborty

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PK: Problem visualization, field work, data acquisition and manuscript writing. SS and AS: Data acquisition, field work, map and figure construction. PPC: Scientific input and manuscript writing.

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Kumar, P., Shekhar, S., Shukla, A. et al. Facies architecture and spatio-temporal depositional variability in the Pliocene Sandhan fluvial system, Kutch Basin, India. J Earth Syst Sci 130, 237 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-021-01730-y

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